Relationship
So you can assess the size of the brand new circle out-of deal with-to-face family, those things from the Happiness Questionnaire Monitor (Helliwell and you will Huang, 2013) were utilized: “As much as exactly how many relatives are you experiencing?.” So it concern try responded with the a measure of 1 lower than 5 loved ones to 5 more fifty family members. Issue to evaluate the dimensions of on line buddy networks are equivalent (Helliwell and you will Huang, 2013): “Whenever exactly how many friends are you experiencing to the Myspace?” but the effect level is actually some other, anywhere between step one less than 50 to eight more than one thousand.
The questions toward quality of matchmaking included in the newest Western european Societal Questionnaire was basically adapted to evaluate quality of deal with-to-face and online friendships. All the questions was indeed: “Just how many people are you experiencing that have whom you can also be speak about intimate and private issues?” and “Just how many of them individuals are your Twitter loved ones?.” The new response measure varied from a single (none) so you can 7 (10 or even more).
A principle components analysis with an oblique rotation was performed on the four friendship items. Examination of the Kaiser–Meyer Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.511) and of the Bartlett’s test of sphericity (? 2 (6) = , p 2 (30) = ; p = 0.001) and Facebook friends’ observed variables (? 2 (49) = ; p = 0.003) are related to each other. Factor scores were used as indexes of friendship in the analyses.
Health
In order to assess future health, as well as the understood fitness items tend to found in internationally surveys (elizabeth.g., Eriksson mais aussi al., 2001 – “How do you rate your wellbeing in general” having responses with the a 5-section size, between decent in order to terrible) new four items of brand new physical health aspect of your County out of Fitness Questionnaire SF-thirty six (Ware and you can Sherbourne, 1992) have been provided. An example of the questions try: “I apparently become ill a little much easier than other some one.” These things have been replied to the good 5-part level, anywhere between step 1 undoubtedly untrue so you’re able to 5 surely genuine. The five facts exhibited a sufficient reliability (? = 0.72) together with average of the five activities was computed once the indication out-of mind-said future health.
Mental health is analyzed thru five situations regarding the SF-thirty six (Ware and you will Sherbourne, 1992). An illustration was “How often maybe you’ve experienced really nervous over the past cuatro months?.” These inquiries was replied for the a 5-section scale, ranging from not to ever constantly. Because amount of internal feel of the items try an excellent (? = 0.80), the newest signal regarding psychological state are computed, averaging the responses these types of five issues.
The assessment of subjective well-being was performed with two items (r = 0.722; p 2 (5) = ; p 2 (25) = ; p 2 (30) = ; p 2 (30) = ; p 2 (35) = ; p 1 (Figure 1). More specifically, we tested whether bridging and bonding social capital mediated the relationships among face-to-face friendship and health, as the direct pathway between Facebook friends and health proved not to be significant, ? = 0.09, p = 0.192. Age, gender, education, subjective SES, self-esteem, and living alone effects were controlled. Missing data were handled with listwise deletion.
The direct pathway between face-to-face friendship and health was totally mediated by bonding and bridging social capital. For the mediation of bonding, we found significant paths between friendship and bonding, ? = 0.18, t = 5.59, p 2 (6) = , p 2 (64) = ; p 2 (64) = ; p 2 /DF 0.95; CFI > 0.95; RMSEA 2 (5) = ; p 2 (25) = ; p = 0.039] and close friends [? 2 (30) = ; p = 0.028] than the older participants. The other side of the coin reveals that 9.8% of the respondents claimed to have less than five friends and around 8% affirmed having no close friends at all. Regarding older participants, aged 55 years or above, 8.3% referred to not having anyone to speak to about intimate issues and 9.9% indicated having only one intimate friend.
